Amenity
VKS Palm Drive Amenity 1
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VKS Palm Drive
Pataudi, Gurugram
Construction Status
New launch
Possession will start from Jun, 2029
Price on request
Price on request
Project Details
- Project area
- 0.508 acres
- Total units
- 115
- Property type
- Apartment
- Possession
- Completion from Jun, 2029 onwards
Specifications
- 1. Living, Dining, Foyer, & Family Lounge
- Floor
- Vitrified Tile (Kajaria or equivalent)
- Walls
- OBD Paint (Dulux, Asian Paint, or equivalent)
- Ceiling
- False Ceiling 2. Master Bedroom & Dress Room
- Floor
- Laminated Wooden Tile (Kajaria or equivalent)
- Walls
- OBD Paints (Dulux, Asian Paint & equivalent)
- Ceiling
- Plaster Modular
- Wardrobes
- Not Applicable (NA) 3. Master Toilet
- Floor
- Anti-Skid Vitrified Tile (Kajaria or equivalent)
- Walls
- Ceramic Tile
- Ceiling
- Grid Ceiling
- Counters
- Granite Sanitary Ware/CP
- Fittings
- WC, Wash Basin (Jaguar)
- Fittings / Fixtures
- Taps (Chrome Coated) 4. Bed Rooms (Other)
- Floor
- Laminated Wooden (Action Tessa or equivalent)
- Walls
- OBD Paints (Dulux, Asian Paint)
- Ceiling
- Plaster
- Wardrobes
- Not Applicable (NA) 5. Toilet (Other)
- Floor
- Anti-Skid Vitrified Tile (Kajaria or equivalent)
- Walls
- Ceramic Tile
- Ceiling
- Grid Ceiling
- Counters
- Granite Sanitary Ware/CP
- Fittings
- WC, Wash Basin (Jaguar)
- Fixtures
- Taps (Chrome Coated) 6. Kitchen
- Floor
- Vitrified Tile (Kajaria or equivalent)
- Walls
- Ceramic Tile
- Ceiling
- Grid Ceiling
- Counters
- Granite
- Fixtures
- Taps, Sink (Stainless Steel) (Nirali or equivalent) Kitchen
- Appliances
- Hob, Chimney, Sink, Tap 7. Utility Room, Utility Balcony, & Toilet All elements (Floor, Walls, Ceiling, Toilet, Balcony): Not Applicable 8. Sit-Outs All elements (Floor, Walls, Ceiling, Railings, Fixtures): Not Applicable
As stated by the builder; shown as filed.
RERA Registration
Phase registrations, completion timelines and available documents from the state RERA record.
Phase 1
GGM/965/697/2025/68 DATED 01.07.2025
Haryana RERA
- Registered on
- 01/07/2025
- Completion by
- 14/06/2029
Phase 2
GGM/979/711/2025/82 DATED 02.09.2025
Haryana RERA
- Registered on
- 02/09/2025
- Completion by
- 14/06/2029
Phase 3
GGM/1004/736/2025/107 DATED 17.10.2025
Haryana RERA
- Registered on
- 17/10/2025
- Completion by
- 01/05/2030
RERA-GRG-1958-2025RERA-GRG-2019-2025RERA-GRG-2062-2025Registration-number match
Registration number found in HRERA-GGM
The project registration number matched the registry snapshot. Confirm the current status and filings on the live portal before booking.
- Snapshot checked
- 21 Jul 2026
- Check the official portal
- Open HRERA portal ↗
- Registry ID
- RERA-GRG-1958-2025
- Registry promoter
- VK AND SONS INFRATECH PVT LTD
Registry documents
Mirrored from HRERA-GGM
Requesting a download sends your enquiry to the seller. Once sent, other documents for this project stay unlocked for this browser session.
CA certificate
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025378 KB
CA certificate
Registration: RERA-GRG-2019-2025378 KB
CA certificate
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025261 KB
Licence
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-20251.8 MB
Licence
Registration: RERA-GRG-2019-20251.8 MB
Licence
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025184 KB
Certificates & approvals4
Licence (2)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20251.2 MB
Letter of intent
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-20252.1 MB
Letter of intent
Registration: RERA-GRG-2019-20252.1 MB
Letter of intent
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20251.5 MB
Plans & drawings25
Approved plan
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-20253.3 MB
Approved plan (2)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-20252.1 MB
Approved plan (3)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-20253.3 MB
Approved plan (4)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025282 KB
Approved plan (5)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025256 KB
Approved plan (6)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025750 KB
Approved plan (7)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-20253.5 MB
Approved plan (8)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-20253.3 MB
Approved plan
Registration: RERA-GRG-2019-20253.3 MB
Approved plan (2)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2019-20253.3 MB
Approved plan (3)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2019-2025179 KB
Approved plan (4)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2019-2025282 KB
Approved plan (5)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2019-2025640 KB
Approved plan (6)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2019-2025750 KB
Approved plan
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20251.3 MB
Approved plan (2)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20251.7 MB
Approved plan (3)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20251.7 MB
Approved plan (4)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20251.7 MB
Approved plan (5)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20251.8 MB
Approved plan (6)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025210 KB
Approved plan (7)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20251.8 MB
Approved plan (8)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20251.7 MB
Approved plan (9)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025221 KB
Approved plan (10)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-202555 KB
Approved plan (11)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20251.7 MB
Land, title & agreements21
Land record
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-20253.3 MB
Agreement
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025605 KB
Declaration
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025513 KB
Agreement (2)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025877 KB
Declaration (2)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025627 KB
Declaration (3)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025105 KB
Encumbrance certificate
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025303 KB
Declaration
Registration: RERA-GRG-2019-20251.8 MB
Declaration (2)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2019-2025267 KB
Declaration
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025532 KB
Land record
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025337 KB
Declaration (2)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025855 KB
Encumbrance certificate
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025386 KB
Agreement
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20252.0 MB
Declaration (3)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025264 KB
Declaration (4)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025354 KB
Declaration (5)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025397 KB
Agreement (2)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20254.8 MB
Declaration (6)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025330 KB
Land record (2)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20252.1 MB
Land record (3)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20251.5 MB
NOCs5
NOC
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025260 KB
NOC
Registration: RERA-GRG-2019-2025366 KB
NOC
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025425 KB
NOC (2)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025846 KB
NOC (3)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025860 KB
Progress & status reports7
Quarterly progress report
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025381 KB
Corrigendum
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025745 KB
Corrigendum
Registration: RERA-GRG-2019-2025456 KB
Corrigendum (2)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2019-2025580 KB
Quarterly progress report
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025259 KB
Quarterly progress report (2)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025394 KB
Corrigendum
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20251.1 MB
Other registry documents49
Other document
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-20252.0 MB
Other document (2)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025449 KB
Other document (3)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025292 KB
Other document (4)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-20251.5 MB
Other document (5)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-20251.5 MB
Other document (7)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025394 KB
Other document (6)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-20253.3 MB
Other document (8)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025127 KB
Other document (9)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-20253.3 MB
Other document (11)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-202520 KB
Other document (10)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025958 KB
Other document (13)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025997 KB
Other document (12)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-20252.8 MB
Other document (14)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025142 KB
Other document (15)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-20252.7 MB
Other document (16)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025782 KB
Other document (17)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-20251.7 MB
Other document (18)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025153 KB
Other document (19)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-20253.9 MB
Other document (20)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-20253.0 MB
Other document (21)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-202571 KB
Brochure
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-20253.5 MB
Other document (22)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025508 KB
Other document (23)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-20252.6 MB
Other document (24)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025376 KB
Other document (25)
Registration: RERA-GRG-1958-2025552 KB
Other document
Registration: RERA-GRG-2019-2025127 KB
Other document (2)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2019-20251.3 MB
Other document (3)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2019-202520 KB
Other document (5)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2019-2025189 KB
Other document (6)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2019-2025162 KB
Other document (7)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2019-2025292 KB
Other document (4)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2019-20252.6 MB
Other document
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025380 KB
Other document (2)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20253.6 MB
Other document (3)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20251.7 MB
Other document (4)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025422 KB
Other document (5)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20252.3 MB
Other document (6)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20252.1 MB
Other document (7)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025705 KB
Other document (9)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025411 KB
Other document (8)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20254.7 MB
Other document (10)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025476 KB
Other document (11)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025198 KB
Other document (12)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025215 KB
Other document (13)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20253.4 MB
Other document (14)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20251.3 MB
Other document (15)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-2025218 KB
Other document (16)
Registration: RERA-GRG-2062-20254.2 MB
Files are shown as captured in our registry snapshot. Always confirm the latest record on the official state portal before you transact.
Information available on record
A concise view of the details present in the records and published project material available to PropertyBaazi.
Available in the project record
On recordOnly items present in the available record or published project material are shown.
RERA registered
A state RERA registration is present in the project record.
Images from official brochure
The displayed media is linked to published project material.
Developer legal entity identified
A legal entity is recorded for the developer.
Last checked 18 July 2026. These checks reflect the records available to PropertyBaazi. Confirm current details with the relevant authority or developer before booking.
About VKS Palm Drive
For those looking to buy a residential property, here comes one of the choicest offerings in Gurgaon, at Pataudi. Brought to you by VKS Developer, VKS Palm Drive is among the newest addresses for homebuyers. This is a new launch project right now, and is expected to be delivered by Jun, 2029. It has a variety of options to choose from that too in a varied budget range. VKS Palm Drive Gurgaon is a RERA-registered housing society, which means all projects details are also available on state RERA website for end-users and investors. The RERA registration…More ↓Less ↑
For those looking to buy a residential property, here comes one of the choicest offerings in Gurgaon, at Pataudi. Brought to you by VKS Developer, VKS Palm Drive is among the newest addresses for homebuyers. This is a new launch project right now, and is expected to be delivered by Jun, 2029. It has a variety of options to choose from that too in a varied budget range. VKS Palm Drive Gurgaon is a RERA-registered housing society, which means all projects details are also available on state RERA website for end-users and investors. The RERA registration number of this project is GGM/965/697/2025/68 DATED 01.07.2025. Read on to know more about must-know features, VKS Palm Drive, Photos, Floor Plans, Payment Plans, Brochure download procedure and other exciting facts about the project.
Written by PropertyBaazi from our own research into this project.
PropertyBaazi research view
Strengths
- RERA registered with three separate registrations (GGM/965/697/2025/68, GGM/979/711/2025/82, GGM/1004/736/2025/107), indicating regulatory compliance for each phase
- Strategic location near NH-48 and upcoming Delhi-Mumbai Expressway offering long-term connectivity potential
- Relatively affordable entry point compared to established Gurugram sectors
- Project spread across 3 phases with 115 units suggesting manageable scale
- Developer claims 10+ years of experience with delivered projects like Maruti Kunj, Golden Gate Residency, and Vienna Greens
Risks
- Extremely long possession timeline of June 2029 for a plotted development raises execution risk; 4-year wait for plots is unusual and suggests potential for delays
- Developer 'VKS Developer' / 'VKS Infratech' is a relatively small/unknown player without established national or regional brand credibility; track record appears limited to a handful of projects with limited verifiable public data
- Pataudi micro-market suffers from poor social infrastructure (schools, hospitals, retail), low livability, and minimal commercial activity
- High speculative inventory in Pataudi creates oversupply risk; numerous competing plotted developments from local builders are under construction
- Negligible rental demand means investors will carry negative cash flow for 4+ years with no income offset
- Distance from major employment hubs (approximately 25-30 km from Cyber Hub/Golf Course Road) and lack of metro connectivity limit end-user migration
- Price transparency is poor ('Price on Request' suggests variable/discounted pricing and potential for overcharging uninformed buyers)
- No verifiable recent news, buyer reviews, or independent media coverage found online — information scarcity itself is a red flag for due diligence
- Potential for regulatory/agricultural land conversion issues common in Pataudi belt; buyers must independently verify title and land use permissions
Our read
- Location:
- Pataudi is a fringe micro-market on Gurugram's western periphery. While it benefits from NH-48 connectivity and the Delhi-Mumbai Expressway corridor, it remains fundamentally rural-suburban with poor urban infrastructure. The area lacks quality schools, hospitals, organized retail, and employment centers. It is suitable only for speculative buyers betting on 8-10 year Gurugram westward expansion, not for end-users seeking immediate livability. Water, power, and road infrastructure within plotted colonies are often substandard compared to RSE-planned sectors.
- Price:
- Price information is intentionally opaque ('Price on Request'), which typically indicates flexibility for heavy discounting or conversely, inflated quoting for uninformed buyers. Given Pataudi's market position, any price above ₹25,000-30,000 per sq yard would be aggressive. Compared to established alternatives like Bhiwadi or Dharuhera, Pataudi offers inferior infrastructure at similar or higher price points. The 4-year lock-in until 2029 possession carries opportunity cost that is not justified by current market momentum.
- Buyer fit:
- Only suitable for high-risk speculative investors with 8-10 year holding capacity and zero near-term liquidity needs. NOT suitable for end-users, families seeking immediate occupancy, or risk-averse investors. Buyers must have capacity to absorb total capital loss if infrastructure development stalls or developer fails to deliver. NRI buyers or those unable to conduct frequent site visits should avoid due to information asymmetry and oversight challenges.
Market read
- Price trend:
- Specific price data for VKS Palm Drive is scarce as it is marketed as 'Price on Request.' Pataudi as a micro-market has seen gradual price appreciation driven by its proximity to NH-48, the upcoming Delhi-Mumbai Expressway, and spillover demand from saturated Gurugram corridors. However, it remains significantly cheaper than prime Gurugram sectors (roughly 30-50% lower per sq ft than Golf Course Extension or Dwarka Expressway). Plot prices in Pataudi typically range ₹15,000-35,000 per sq yard depending on exact location and infrastructure access. Price discovery is limited due to low transaction volumes and predominantly investor-driven speculative interest.
- Rental yield:
- Extremely low to negligible rental yield in Pataudi micro-market. The area is predominantly underdeveloped with limited residential occupancy. Rental demand is virtually non-existent for plotted developments until substantial residential construction and commercial infrastructure develops. Expected rental yield: sub-2% for plots; potential 2-3% for constructed villas if the area develops over 5-7 years.
- Demand:
- Demand in Pataudi is primarily speculative investor-driven rather than end-user. The 'New Gurugram' westward expansion narrative attracts buyers seeking affordable entry points. However, actual end-user demand is weak due to poor social infrastructure, limited employment centers, and distance from Delhi/IGI Airport. The area is vulnerable to demand shocks if infrastructure timelines slip.
- Resale:
- Resale market is illiquid. Pataudi has a high inventory of unsold plots and villas from multiple developers. Resale transactions are infrequent and often at distressed prices. Investors typically face 12-24 month resale timelines. The lack of metro connectivity and absence of Grade A commercial developments constrain capital appreciation and exit liquidity.
In the news
VKS Palm Drive RERA Registration Details
VKS Palm Drive received HARERA registration with number GGM/965/697/2025/68 dated 01.07.2025. Two additional RERA registrations followed: GGM/979/711/2025/82 dated 02.09.2025 and GGM/1004/736/2025/107 dated 17.10.2025. The project is spread over 0.51 acres with around 115 units across 3 phases. — Housing.com / HARERA, 2025-07-01
VKS Palm Drive project listing on property portals
VKS Palm Drive listed as a RERA-approved plotted development in Pataudi, Gurgaon. RERA ID GGM/965/697/2025/68. Project offers residential plots. — NoBroker, 2025
Our verdict: AVOID or PROCEED WITH EXTREME CAUTION. VKS Palm Drive carries excessive risk relative to its unclear reward profile. The combination of an unproven developer, 4-year possession timeline for plots, negligible rental yield, illiquid resale market, and infrastructure-deficient location makes this a speculative gamble rather than an investment. The RERA registration provides basic regulatory cover but does not guarantee timely delivery or quality. Buyers interested in Pataudi should prefer ready-to-move or near-possession options from Grade A developers (DLF, Godrej, Tata, Emaar) or wait for physical infrastructure maturity before committing. If purchased, negotiate aggressively on price (target 20-25% below opening quote) and verify land title, conversion status, and development agreement independently through a local lawyer.
This is PropertyBaazi’s own research opinion, compiled from nobroker.in, 99acres.com, houssed.com, magicbricks.com, primeplus.co.in, projectsgurgaon.in, vksdevelopers.com and housing-is-01.s3.amazonaws.com. It is not investment advice — verify independently before you transact.
Top Facilities
19 facilities recorded for this project
- Swimming Pool
- Gymnasium
- Jogging Track
- Badminton Court
- Basketball Court
- Yoga / Meditation Area
- Volley Ball Court
- Club House
- Children's Play Area
Location Advantages
Key destinations around VKS Palm Drive
Shiv Shakti Hospital
Hospital · 5.0 Km
Savitri International School
School · 6 Km
Rajiv Gandhi Stadium
Stadium · 11 Km
National Highway 352
Highway · 12 Km
Rajiv Gandhi Stadium
Stadium · 12 Km
FunFly Water Park
Amusement Park · 12.2 Km
View Official Brochure
Official brochure
VKS Palm Drive
8 pages · 3.9 MB · PDF
Published by the builder; shown as filed.
Reading here is free. Downloading sends your enquiry to the seller so they can follow up.
Price list
Published by the builder; shown as filed. Downloading sends the same enquiry.
Price Comparison
Current asking rates for this project, its locality and Gurugram.
Today’s asking rates
Project, locality and city benchmarks
Stamp duty and registration · Haryana
- Stamp duty — For Female 5 % in Urban and 3% in Rural
- For Female 5% in Urban and 3% in Rural
- Stamp duty — For Male 7% in Urban and 5 % in Rural
- For Male 7% in Urban and 5% in Rural
- Stamp duty — For Joint Ownership 6 % in Urban and 4 % in Rural
- For Joint Ownership 6% in Urban and 4% in Rural
- Registration
- ₹50,000
Recorded state rates for reference. Confirm the applicable amount at registration.
Project and locality asking-rate medians come from the PropertyBaazi project records in the sample shown. Registered rates come from government transaction records. Neither is a valuation, index or forecast.
Market Snapshot for Pataudi
Computed from 7 Pataudi projects in our catalogue (4 with a per-sqft price).
7 projects here, by price band
Society Reviews
Reviews by residents
No written reviews yet
Be the first to share a first-hand experience.
Explore life around VKS Palm Drive
Understand daily conveniences and connectivity around the project before planning a visit.
Based on 7 projects listed in Pataudi on PropertyBaazi — our catalog, not a market index.
Distances as recorded by the builder — approximate; please confirm on the ground.
View on mapMetro & Rail 1
- Palhawas Railway Station22.5 Km
Schools 1
- Savitri International School6 Km
Colleges & Universities 1
- BMU University16.1 Km
Hospitals 1
- Shiv Shakti Hospital5.0 Km
Shopping & Malls 1
- Sapphire 90 Mall19 Km
Parks & Leisure 1
- FunFly Water Park12.2 Km
Roads & Connectivity 1
- National Highway 35212 Km
Airport 1
- Indira Gandhi International Airport47.1 Km
Sports & Stadiums 2
- Rajiv Gandhi Stadium11 Km
- Rajiv Gandhi Stadium12 Km
Distances as recorded when the project was listed — approximate; please confirm on the ground.
Similar Projects
Comparable projects around Pataudi
About VKS Developer

VKS Developer
1 projects on PropertyBaazi
VKS Developer is a real estate company focused on quality construction and customer satisfaction. They aim to provide dream homes with modern amenities and sustainable practices.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is VKS Palm Drive ready to move in?
VKS Palm Drive is still under construction, with possession expected around Jun, 2029.
Does VKS Palm Drive have RERA approval?
Yes. VKS Palm Drive is registered with HRERA-GGM under numbers GGM/965/697/2025/68 DATED 01.07.2025, GGM/979/711/2025/82 DATED 02.09.2025, GGM/1004/736/2025/107 DATED 17.10.2025, which you can verify on the official RERA portal.
Whereabouts is VKS Palm Drive, and what's the commute like?
VKS Palm Drive is located in Pataudi, Gurugram.
What's the scale of VKS Palm Drive?
VKS Palm Drive is spread across 0.5 acres and 115 homes.
What amenities does VKS Palm Drive offer?
VKS Palm Drive comes with 19 amenities, including Swimming Pool, Gymnasium, Club House, Children's Play Area, Landscape Garden and Banquet Hall.
What conveniences are near VKS Palm Drive?
Close to VKS Palm Drive you'll find hospitals such as Swami Amardev Hospital and Chauhan Hospital.
Which builder is behind VKS Palm Drive?
VKS Palm Drive is being developed by VKS Developer.
What costs should I plan beyond the price of VKS Palm Drive?
Beyond the home price, budget for stamp duty (from about 5%) plus registration charges when you buy at VKS Palm Drive.
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Disclaimer: The material and information contained on this page is provided for general information purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement, warranty, or representation by PropertyBaazi. PropertyBaazi is an information platform and is not a party to any transaction between users. Project details, prices, availability, RERA status and other information are compiled from public records and third-party sources, may change without notice, and should be independently verified with the developer, the relevant RERA authority and your own legal/financial advisors before you rely on them or make any decision.


